Operating Systems Part 2

When creating a new Outlook profile using the Mail utility in Control Panel, the essential information required to configure the user?s email account includes: ? The user’s email address: This identifies the user?s account and is needed to configure Outlook to connect to the mail server. ? The user’s password: This authenticates the user when Outlook tries to log in to the email server to send and receive mail. ? Why the other options are not required at this stage: The server port number: Outlook?s auto-discover process generally finds the correct server ports. Manual port entry is only needed for manual setups or troubleshooting. The protocol the server uses (IMAP, POP3, Exchange): Modern Outlook setups with Microsoft Exchange, Microsoft 365, or many other providers automatically detect the protocol through the email address and domain. Protocol selection is only needed for manual configuration, which is less common today.

To stop and restart the Print Spooler service, you can use the following two tools in Windows: ? 1. The Services Console (services.msc): This is the primary tool for managing Windows services. To use it: Press Windows + R, type services.msc, and press Enter. In the list, locate Print Spooler, right-click it, and choose Stop or Restart. ? This is the most direct and detailed way to control the Print Spooler. ? 2. Task Manager, Services tab: Open Task Manager (Ctrl + Shift + Esc), go to the Services tab. Find the Spooler service. Right-click it and select Stop or Restart. ? This method is faster for restarting a service without leaving Task Manager. ? Incorrect Options: Task Scheduler: Used to automate tasks and scripts, not for managing services directly. Disk Management, Services tab: Disk Management has no Services tab; it is only for disk and volume management.

When your laptop shows “No Internet”, the most common cause is not being connected to a Wi-Fi network. You can resolve this by connecting to your friend’s network using one of these two correct methods: ? 1. Click the Taskbar Network Icon (Globe or Wi-Fi icon): Found in the bottom-right corner of the taskbar. Click it to see a list of available Wi-Fi networks. Select your friend’s network name (SSID) and enter the password when prompted. ? 2. Search for Network Status and Show Available Networks: In the Windows Search bar, type “network”, then select Network Status. Click ?Show available networks? to see the list. Select the correct Wi-Fi network and enter the password. ? Incorrect options: Right-click the browser shortcut and choose New Window: ? This will simply open another browser window but won?t fix the internet connection. Type firewall in the search box and choose Firewall & Network Protection, then click Private Network: ? The firewall settings do not help establish a Wi-Fi connection. They manage security, not network connectivity.

A default gateway is the device that routes traffic from a local network to destinations outside that network ? typically, other networks or the Internet. In most corporate networks, this role is handled by a router, but in some specific setups, a proxy server might also serve as the logical gateway. ? 1. Router (Always correct): This is the most common and standard device used as a default gateway. It connects the internal network to external networks, such as the Internet. In your diagram, the router?s IP address is typically what client machines set as their default gateway. ? 2. Proxy server (Sometimes correct): In some enterprise networks, proxy servers are configured as gateways to manage and monitor web traffic. Clients are configured to route Internet-bound requests through the proxy. However, the proxy usually works alongside the router ? it doesn?t replace it for all types of traffic. ? Incorrect Answers: Web server: Hosts websites or web apps. It does not route traffic ? not used as a default gateway. Switch: A switch connects devices within a LAN (local area network) and does not route traffic to external networks.

In this scenario, the accounting team uses: A username and password (something they know). A fob inserted into a USB port (something they have ? a physical device). This combination of two different authentication factors constitutes two-factor authentication (2FA). The fob is an example of an external hardware token, as it is a physical device used to confirm the user’s identity. ? Why the other options are incorrect: “Their bank account can never be hacked”: No system is 100% secure. 2FA greatly improves security but does not make it impossible to hack. “They are using an external software token”: A software token is a code generated by software (e.g., an app like Google Authenticator), not a physical fob. In this case, they are using a hardware token.

According to Microsoft?s official requirements for Windows 10 Pro: 32-bit version: Requires 1 GB of RAM (memory). 64-bit version: Requires 2 GB of RAM (memory). The 16 GB and 20 GB mentioned in the options refer to storage space required on the hard drive for installation, not memory. Why not the other options? 20 GB for the 64-bit version: This refers to disk storage, not RAM. 16 GB for the 32-bit version: Same as above, storage requirement, not RAM. 1 GB for 32-bit & 2 GB for 64-bit are the correct memory (RAM) requirements.

On macOS, applications are typically distributed in the following formats: .dmg (Disk Image File): A common format used to distribute macOS software. When opened, it mounts a virtual disk that usually contains the .app file or a .pkg installer. The user can drag the .app into the Applications folder from the .dmg. .pkg (Package Installer): This is a standard macOS installer package file. It is used to install applications or software components onto the system. Why not the others? .app: This is the application itself, not the installer. If the .app was deleted, it won?t reinstall the program. .bat: A Windows batch script file, not used in macOS.

NTFS Features File compression: NTFS supports built?in per?file or per?folder compression (NTFS Compression), reducing disk space usage transparently?Windows reads/writes compressed files without extra steps. File and folder encryption: NTFS includes Encrypting File System (EFS), allowing users to encrypt individual files/folders so only authorized accounts can access the data. Why the others are not NTFS features Linux OS support: Linux can access NTFS with appropriate drivers, but this is Linux capability?not a native ?feature? of NTFS itself. Enhanced flash drive support: That?s not a defined NTFS feature; in fact, removable flash drives are often formatted FAT32 or exFAT for broader compatibility.

The USB Selective Suspend feature in Windows allows the operating system to turn off idle USB ports to save power, which is helpful for mobile devices like a tablet PC. You can enable or manage USB Selective Suspend from two locations: ? 1. Power Options (Correct): Control Panel ? Power Options ? Change plan settings ? Change advanced power settings. Expand USB settings ? USB selective suspend setting. Set it to ?Enabled? to allow Windows to suspend USB ports when not in use. ? 2. Device Manager (Optional for troubleshooting/driver-level settings): Some USB device drivers offer power management features. Go to Device Manager ? Universal Serial Bus controllers ? Right-click a USB Root Hub ? Properties ? Power Management tab. Ensure ?Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power? is checked. ? Incorrect options: Indexing Options: Controls how Windows searches your files, doesn?t manage power settings. Programs and Features: Manages application installs and uninstalls, not hardware power management.

Why upgrade? No security updates: Once extended support ends, Microsoft stops releasing security patches. Newly discovered vulnerabilities remain unpatched, and antivirus software alone cannot fully protect an unpatched OS. No feature or compatibility updates: The OS stops receiving improvements, updated components, and newer platform support, which over time can affect compatibility with new applications, hardware, and security technologies. Why the others are incorrect: Their apps will stop working: Not necessarily. Many apps may continue to run, though compatibility and security risks grow. Their OS will stop working at end-of-life: The OS still boots and runs; it?s just unsupported and increasingly unsafe.